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- [exec] Raven: how does traceroute actually work?
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- [exec] is there something in the TCP header or so
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- [Raven] exec, i'll explain
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- [snider] traceroute isnt ovetr TCP
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- [angst] something about a TTL field I know that
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- [Raven] ooh, i can feel a spontaneous lecture coming!
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- (Samcon) snider: strange its probably with the ripper
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- [Raven] is anyone logging this?
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- [angst] I know what it is in my head, just cant type what I want to say :)
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- (Samcon) im
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- [Raven] who else is logging?
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- (Samcon) just a sec
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- [snider] samcon, well it is something with the identification and auth of it
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- (Samcon) im always logging btw
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- [tcs] are u holding a tutorial session ?
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- [Raven] ok, so the topic of this spontaneous lecture is...
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- [Raven] how does traceroute works
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- [Cypher] lecture?
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- [Raven] Cypher, spontaneous
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- [FrEEkY] raven untill phoneabuse.com is working I just refer people to BSRF
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- [snider] yea, although we have explained the matter a million times in here
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- [Raven] ok try to be quiet please
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- [Raven] so anyway, first of all, what is traceroute?
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- [Raven] traceroute traces the route that a packet goes through to get to a certain ip / hostname
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- [Raven] it's especially good to detect network problems
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- [Raven] if you're having trouble connecting to a certain host, you could run traceroute and see where the problem is
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- [Raven] where the chain stops
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- [Raven] any questions so far?
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- [Olaf] there is a great command in widows tracert
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- [Olaf] is it related?
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- [Raven] Olaf, in windows you can type tracert from dos
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- [Raven] in unix/linux, you can type traceroute
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- [Raven] or tracert if you make an alias
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- [Raven] :-)
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- [Olaf] my poor linux
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- [Raven] anyway for windows, there's also www.samspade.org
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- [Raven] ok, we're continuing
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- [Raven] so anyway, this is what traceroute does
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- [Raven] now, how does it work?
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- (Samcon) traceroute is the thing with the packet that gets +1 node every time no ?
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- [Raven] ok, first of all, i have to explain a little about TCP/IP
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- ?» joins [|The_Crow| (*!Itsaia@PTlink-23723.teleweb.pt)]
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- [Raven] TCP/IP packets can be divided into two types
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- [Raven] a) ip packets
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- [Raven] b) icmp packets
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- [Raven] each packet has a header part and a data part
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- ?» nick change [ Cypher » Cypher[awaY] ]
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- [Raven] the header contains info about the sender, the target and any other information that is necessary so the packet would get to it's
- destination
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- [Raven] now, icmp packets have a header, and a data
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- [Raven] there are 13 (i think) types of icmp packets
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- [Raven] one of them, for example, is ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST
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- [Raven] which is used for pinging
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- [Raven] however icmp is mainly used for errors
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- [Raven] now, there are ip packets
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- [Raven] ip packets have a header and a data part
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- [Raven] the header contains the source and destination ip
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- [Raven] and a few other values
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- [Raven] like the TTL, for example
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- [Raven] (i'll explain later)
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- [Raven] the data part is either a TCP or a UDP packet
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- [Raven] these two terms are explained in bsrf's tcpip tutorial
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- [Raven] any questions so far?
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- [Raven] no? good.
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- [Raven] ok, so this TTL value serves a great role in killing misrouted packets
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- [Raven] supposed something happens and packets start looping or wandering around the net endlessly
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- [Raven] that'd be a serious waste of bandwidth, right?
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- [Olaf] yes
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- [FrEEkY] mmhmm
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- [Raven] so this is why the ip header contains a TTL value
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- [Raven] and so does the icmp header, i think
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- [Olaf] it decreases
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- [Raven] i don't remember
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- [Raven] anyway this TTL value is decreased whenever a packet goes through a router
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- [Raven] TTL = Time To Live
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- (Samcon) thats what i meant
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- [Raven] whenever a packet goes through a router, the TTL value is decreased by one
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- [angst] ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) BTW.... :)
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- [Raven] that way, if a packet goes through too many hops on the way, it gets killed
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- [Raven] and an icmp error is sent back to the sender
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- [Raven] windows 95 sends packets with a TTL value of 32
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- [Raven] i don't know about win 98
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- [Raven] anyway sometimes you'll have to go through more than 32 hops, so you'll get an error and windows will send the packet again
- with TTL = 64
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- [Raven] now, here's how traceroute works:
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- [Raven] first of all it sends out a packet with TTL = 1
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- [Raven] the packets goes through the first hop, and dies
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- [Raven] that router sends back an icmp error, and that way we can determine his ip / hostname
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- [Raven] because we can tell who is sending the packet by looking at the icmp header
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- [Raven] then, traceroute sends a packet with TTL = 2
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- [Raven] it travels through the first hop (which we already know) and dies in the second
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- [Raven] we get an error from the second router, thus revealing it's ip
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- [Raven] this goes on until the packet reaches it's destination
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- ?» quits [Olaf (*!----------@194.65.83.PTlink-11626)] (Ping timeout)
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- ?» quits [tcs (*!tcs@204.42.41.PTlink-12468)] (Quit: I'll check the logs...)
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- [Raven] that way, we can tell where our packets go through by getting an error message from each hop
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- [Raven] that's all. that's how traceroute works
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- [Raven] :-)
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- [Raven] end of spontaneous lecture
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- [exec] cool
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